Descartes Evil Demon Argument - 1996 Words

Essay Choice 1 In the First Meditation, Descartes gives us the Evil Demon Hypothesis which serves to give him reason to doubt the existence of everything he perceives and believes. He describes a ‘malicious demon of the utmost power and cunning’ that has the sole purpose of deceiving Descartes (Descartes, 2010: 17). I will argue that his hypothesis has proven to be a strong one because only the cogito provides a way for us to frustrate or trick the evil demon. The Evil Demon Hypothesis is an important component of the Method of Doubt. Descartes used the Method of Doubt to find what is true by withholding assent from all beliefs that are dubitable. However, if Descartes was to scrutinise everything he believed, he would be left with an†¦show more content†¦The Method of Doubt is destructive, not constructive, and aims to destroy and rebuild our knowledge on firm foundations. Once Descartes used the Evil Demon Hypothesis, he was able to remove all prior beliefs which left him with a starting point from where he could rebuild all true knowledge. The hypothesis doesn’t try to prove the existence of the Evil Demon, but rather to prove scepticism of our senses and even our understanding of the simplest concepts like maths and science is correctly placed (SparkNotes Editors, n.d.). Some critics described the hypothesis as a counterweight our ‘habitual beliefs’ (Cottingham, 1976:261). The argument is such a hyperbolic assumption that it puts even our strongest beliefs into doubt. Professor Harry Frankfurt gave an alternative view on the function of the demon. According to him, one role of the demon is to raise the possibility that we make errors in mathematical judgement. More significantly he believed the Evil Demon Hypothesis tried to falsify mathematical knowledge by ‘casting doubt on the objects of mathematics’ (Cottingham, 1976:263). However I believe that the demon’s importance on mathematics is more of a side track from the First Meditations main idea and the main role of the demon is to raise doubts about the external world. By the end of the First Meditation, Descartes had reached a point of total deception. He cannot be sure of what he experiencesShow MoreRelatedDescartes Evil Demon Argument1981 Words   |  8 PagesChoice 1 In the First Meditation, Descartes gives us the Evil Demon Hypothesis which serves to give him reason to doubt the existence of everything he perceives and believes. He describes a ‘malicious demon of the utmost power and cunning’ that has the sole purpose of deceiving Descartes (Descartes, 2010: 17). I will argue that his hypothesis has proven to be a strong one because only the cogito provides a way for us to frustrate or trick the evil demon. The Evil Demon Hypothesis is an important componentRead MoreThe Strengths And Weaknesses Of Descartes Dreaming Argument And Evil Demon Argument1430 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will attempt to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of Descartes’ dreaming argument and evil demon argument. Through discussion, I will show why the evil demon argument is more plausible than the dreaming argument. The essay will give a brief definition of the two arguments and explain why these arguments are important. Then I will discuss the two arguments, considering both sides and referencing previous work by other philosophers. I will conclude with a short summary of the topics coveredRead MoreDescartes’ Cogito Argument Successfully Shows the Evil Demon Argument is Unsound888 Words   |  4 PagesDoes Descartes’ Cogito argument successfully show that the Evil Demon Argument is unsound? In this essay I will attempt to show that the philosopher, Renà ¨ Descartes’ Cogito Argument successfully proves the Evil Demon Argument to be unsound. By an analysis of the structure of the arguments and what they prove, I will show the evil demon argument to be unsound. An argument is unsound when the premises as false and the argument is invalid. This analysis of both structure and content will eventuateRead MoreEssay about Descartes First Meditation924 Words   |  4 PagesDescartes#8217; first meditation, his main objective is to present three skeptical arguments to bring doubt upon what he considers his basic beliefs. Descartes believes this to be an intricate part of his complete epistemological argument. Descartes skeptical arguments are not intended to be a denial of his basic beliefs. On the contrary, he uses these arguments to help prove one of his main theses, which is the existence of God. One of the main premises that Descartes uses in his proof forRead Mo reAn Analysis Of Descartes And The Dreaming Argument1390 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will take a look at Descartes Dreaming argument and Evil Demon argument. As well as discussing their weaknesses and strengths to later decide which argument is the best. Despite my belief of subjective truths, the reason for doing this is to establish both arguments on an equal basis and to determine which would be best in an argument. The Dreaming argument first showed up in Descartes First Meditation, where he focusses on the task to educate himself on his own doubt. When meditatingRead MoreDescartes Dreaming Argument And The Demon Argument1112 Words   |  5 PagesIn this essay, I will explore and analyse Descartes’ dreaming argument and his evil demon argument. I will assess both arguments taking into account their validity and soundness whilst also considering the objections that one may have. In order to weigh up these arguments, it is important to understand Descartes’ reasons for formulating them: Descartes’ believes that it is important to be certain of the things that one believes to be true which, in turn, causes him to question the things that heRead MoreAnalysis Of Descartes Dreaming Argument812 Words   |  4 PagesDescartes dreaming argument suggests that perhaps our senses cannot be fully trusted because we cannot be certain we are not dreaming, and this means we therefore cannot be certain of anything. His evil demon argument is similar but uses the idea of an evil demon deceiving you instead of your senses. These sceptical arguments mean that we cannot be certain of anything at all for it may be happening whilst we are dreaming, or we are being tricked into thinking it is happening. I do not agree withRead MoreThe Dream Inside Of A Dream By Christopher Nolan1683 Words   |  7 PagesFinal Paper: Descartes The possibility of having a dream inside of a dream is an idea that has been discussed far and wide. However, before Inception came out in 2010 by director Christopher Nolan, many people in the modern world may not have ever considered this idea. Nonetheless, this idea of â€Å"a dream inside a dream† has been around since 1640, when Rene Descartes published Meditations. In Inception, Christopher Nolan uses Descartes ideas to enhance the storyline of his film. In this paperRead MoreThe Dreaming Argument And The Evil Demon Argument1271 Words   |  6 PagesDescartes organised his ideas on knowledge and skepticism to establish two main arguments, the dreaming argument and the evil demon argument. The dreaming argument suggests that it is not possible to distinguish between having a waking experience and dreaming an experience. Whereas, the evil demon argument suggests that we are deceived in all areas of our experiences by an evil demon. This essay will investigate the valid ity of the arguments and to what extent the conclusion of these arguments isRead MoreThe Mind Argument And The Evil Demon Argument1218 Words   |  5 PagesRenÃ'  Descartes is known to be the â€Å"founder of modern philosophy† aswell as a man who was superior in the scientific revolution. As a catholic and a man of science he wanted to show how the scientific world had space for God and freedom which hence led to the Mediditions published in 1641. In the first meditation Descartes introduces the idea that in order for him to establish anything in the sciences which is â€Å"stable and likely to last† he must build truths of which he can be certain. In order to

Adolescents in Education Free Essays

Studying in college means new life. It allows new experiences and challenges. This can be exciting but it can also be stressful and make someone feel sad as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Adolescents in Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now The role of guide counselor is of great importance regarding the student’s adaptation in academic environment. The realization of student’s professional and personal skills depends a lot on the degree of the success of counselor’s activities. The main aim of this research is to show that today the counselors’ practices still are not perfect. They are some narrow-directed and are composed mostly as the instructions for dealing with a student who is already in stress. Also, the scheme of organization of counselor’s activities which is suggested to make their work more efficient will be proposed. As Kenneth W. Merrel says in his â€Å"Helping students overcome depression and anxiety: a practical guide† (2001): â€Å"Depression, anxiety, and related â€Å"internalizing† problems of children and adolescents have been the focus of increased professional concern during the past two or tree decades. During the majority of the 20th century, relatively little attention was given to these problems†. Meanwhile, recently depression and stress have become rather a common phenomenon of students’ life. For many young adults, the transition from high school to college is one of the most exciting periods of their lives. Normative developmental tasks, such as moving away from home, learning new academic material, forming adult relationships, and managing time and money, can create feelings of independence and generate a sense of mastery and competence unparalleled in earlier adolescence. As educators are well aware, however, these critical tasks can become a source of chronic stress, especially during the freshman year. If left unchecked, such stress can uncover or lead to more serious psychological disorders, which can, in turn, cause social isolation, school failure, and self-destructive behaviors. The Nation’s Voice on Mental Illness (2005) affirms that: â€Å"Most illnesses develop between the ages of 17 to 25, but that’s not to say it can’t start sooner or later than that.†Ã‚   Speaking about American students, NYU Child Study Center (2004) shows also that: â€Å"- depression affects over 19 million American adults annually, including college students. At colleges nationwide, large percentages of students are feeling overwhelmed, sad, hopeless and so depressed that they are unable to function†¦   -eating disorders affect 5-10 million women and one million men nationwide, with the highest rates occurring among college-aged women.    -suicide was the eighth leading cause of death for all Americans, the third leading cause of death for those aged 15-24 years, and the second leading killer in the college population in 1998.    -nearly 50% of American teenagers of high-school age are currently, or have been, sexually active. Everyday, 8,000 teenagers in the United States become infected by a sexually transmitted disease (STD)†¦ † The transition to student life has always been unsettling but being a student is quite different now from 20 years ago. Today we have a mass higher education system, so universities tend to be much larger and less personal.   It’s very rare for students to go through a degree program with the same 20 or 30 people – instead they take different modules with large numbers of different people so it’s hard for them to build up support networks.   And one don’t just have finals now, one have exams twice a year, every year, so the pressure is on from the moment one start until the moment he finishes. The causes of depression are complex. Very often a combination of genetic, psychological and environmental factors is involved in the onset of clinical depression. Common stressors in college life include: greater academic demands, being on your own in a new environment, changes in family relations, financial responsibilities, changes in your social life, exposure to new people, ideas, and temptations, awareness of your sexual identity and orientation, preparing for life after graduation. At times, however, depression occurs for no apparent reason. Whatever the cause is, depression is almost always treatable. But the problem is not only to get rid of the stress but to learn how to manage with it or (what would be the best solution) how to prevent it. The problem is also not only in a great threat for student’s health which is issued by stress but in making a student unable to develop his skills. Hundreds of students, sometimes very gifted ones, suffer because of depression which is a great obstacle on the way of their development as personalities. It must be said that nowdays the net of guide counselors is developed quite well and practically all educational establishments of famous have among their personnel professional psychologists who make a great deal of work. But it also must be noted that in recent years the intensity of so-called â€Å"students’ stress† hasn’t decreased but quite the contrary, it has increased a lot. Therefore, the main task of guide counselors is to learn to reveal the symptoms of depression at its early stage, identify the students who are especially vulnerable to stress form the very beginning of their education and direct their behavior to the safe path. So, as it was already said, the first step in defeating depression is recognizing it. It’s normal to have some signs of depression some of the time. But five or more symptoms for two weeks or longer, or noticeable changes in usual functioning, are all factors that should be evaluated by a health or mental health professional. Depressive illnesses come in different forms. The following are descriptions of the three most prevalent, though for an individual, the number, severity, and duration of symptoms will vary: Major depression is manifested by a combination of symptoms that interfere with one’s ability to work, sleep, eat, and enjoy once pleasurable activities. These episodes can occur once, twice, or several times in a lifetime. Symptoms include: sadness, anxiety, or â€Å"empty† feeling, decreased energy, fatigue, being â€Å"slowed down†, loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities, appetite and weight changes (either loss or gain) ,sleep disturbances (insomnia, oversleeping, waking much earlier than usual), feelings of hopelessness, guilt, and worthlessness, thoughts of death or suicide, or suicide attempts difficulty concentrating, making decisions, remembering, irritability or excessive crying, chronic aches or pain not explained by other physical condition. A less intense type of depression- dysthymia, involves long-term, chronic symptoms that are less severe, but keep you from functioning at your full ability and from feeling well. In bipolar illness (also known as manic-depressive illness), cycles of depression alternate with cycles of elation and increased activity, known as mania. Bipolar disorder is a type of depressive illness that involves mood swings that go from periods of depression to periods of being overly â€Å"up† and irritable. Sometimes the mood swings are dramatic or rapid, but most often they occur gradually, over several weeks. The â€Å"up† or manic phase can include increased energy and activity, insomnia, grandiose notions and impulsive or reckless behavior, including sexual promiscuity. Medication usually is effective in controlling manic symptoms and preventing the recurrence of both manic and depressive episodes. When the depression lasts for two weeks and more or interferes with academic or social functioning it may be clinical depression. Clinical depression is a common, frequently unrecognized illness that can be effectively treated. Clinical depression can affect your body, mood, thoughts, and behavior. It can change your eating habits, how you feel and think, your ability to work and study, and how you interact with people. Clinical depression is not a passing mood, a sign of personal weakness, or a condition that can be willed away. Clinically depressed people cannot â€Å"pull themselves together† and get better. Depression can be successfully treated. With the right treatment, 80 percent of those who seek help get better. And many people begin to feel better in just a few weeks. The notion of stress or depression is connected tightly with alcohol and drugs and suicide intentions. A lot of depressed people, especially teenagers, also have problems with alcohol or other drugs. Sometimes depression comes first and people try drugs as a way to escape it. Other times, the alcohol or other drug use comes first, and depression is caused by the drug itself, or withdrawal from it, or the problems that substance use causes. And sometimes one can’t tell which came first. The important point is that when one has both of these problems, the sooner he gets treatment, the better. Thoughts of death or suicide are usually signs of severe depression. Talking to a professional in this case can get student past those intense feelings and save his life. Suicidal thoughts, impulses, or behaviors always should be taken seriously.   It is necessary to contact someone he or she trusts: a good friend, academic or resident advisor. All the above mentioned problems referred to students’ stresses and depressions are suggested to be treated by counselors. The counselor is a teacher and psychologist at the same time. The relationship between teacher and learner essentially poses problems of human relations. Teachers bring more than knowledge to the relationship: they are motivators, experts, judges. Teachers and learners share responsibility for learning, and some question whether â€Å"teaching† has occurred if no â€Å"learning† occurred. Studies of teaching that produces the most learning suggest that â€Å"effective† teachers use an analytical and synthetic approach to the subject matter, organize the material well to make it clear, and establish rapport with their students. Most studies identify enthusiasm as important in promoting students’ learning. The key seems to be to make college courses challenging but not threatening. Many stress models emphasize a â€Å"mismatch† between the individual and his or her environment. Both too little and too much stress inhibits learning. Stress is difficult to define because individuals react to it very differently, and a situation that is stressful for one person may not be for another. Further, stressed individuals vary widely in the effectiveness of their coping. The professional or academic adaptation is a kind of social adaptation. Academic adaptation consists of professional and psychological components. The psychological aspect has the leading role as it is the base for all the other stages of human’s socialization. The academic adaptation is an intensive, dynamic and complex process in the course of which the individual elaborates constant skills of adaptation within the demands of his new environment. At the very beginning there is an adaptation to the social environment of high school, and on the senior rates – to the elected trade and profession. Thus, professional adaptation of the student at each subsequent stage includes adaptable abilities and the skills received at the previous stage as a basis. Each subsequent stage is the result of the development of the previous one with qualitatively new formations. It is necessary to point out a number of the initial subjective factors which negatively influence on the process of adaptation and underlying typical difficulties: 1. An insufficient level of actual readiness for the high school program, neglect of many knowledge from rates of school disciplines what leads to backwardness of diligence and inquisitiveness, deficiency of the personal responsibility and educational activity, a low level of spiritual and intellectual potentials. 2. Feebly marked studies skills, insufficiently advanced verbal (abstract) thinking, backwardness of concentration and distribution of attention, ignorance of effective mnemonic receptions, weakness of strong-willed regulation. 3. A low level of culture and moral shown on a background limited life experience and a social maturity; world outlook and social infantilism. 4. Uncertainty in one’s own forces, doubt in an opportunity of successful training in high school Considering professional adaptation of the person as process, using concept â€Å"professional adaptation â€Å", we designate result of this process. Thus, professional adaptation is a result of personal changes during the coordination of professional intentions, qualities of the person and requirements of concrete professional work at adequate reaction to own changes, changes of professional work and the professional environment under influence of the factors generated at inclusion of the person in system of continuous education. Hence, professional adaptation of the person of the student forms a psychological basis of his vocational training. The challenges while getting education are especially important for gifted students. Many gifted youngsters have a heightened sensitivity to their surroundings, to events, to ideas, and to expectations. Some experience their own high expectations for achievement as a relentless pressure to excel. Constant striving to live up to self-expectations-or those of others-to be first, best, or both can be very stressful. With every new course, new teacher, or new school questions arise about achievement and performance, since every new situation carries with it the frightening risk of being mediocre. Striving becomes even more stressful when unrealistic or unclear expectations are imposed by adults or peers. The pressure to excel, accompanied by other concerns such as feeling different, self-doubt (the â€Å"imposter† syndrome), and the need to prove their giftedness can drain the energy of gifted students and result in additional stress. Stress occurs even when everything is going well. Youngsters get tired from their constant efforts and may secretly fear that next time they will not be as successful. Many gifted students accept responsibility for a variety of activities such as a demanding course load; leadership in school activities, clubs, or sports and part-time jobs. Even if it were humanly possible, doing everything well would be physically and emotionally stressful. 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Bringing Classy Back free essay sample

America was founded by a group of esteemed men who all had one secret which allowed for them to create a successful, longstanding democracy: an education in the classics.Their knowledge of the classical disciplines, including the languages of Greek and Latin, were arguably more influential in the setup of our government than that of the Enlightenment thinkers and philisophes. The founding fathers set up our government based on the Republic of Rome, a democracy like that of Ancient Greece, and even constructed our government buildings to mimic the style of their temples. This country blossomed from a vast understanding of the lessons learned from Classical Civilizations and is only one of the many examples of how the languages and disciplines of Greece and Rome have shaped our modern world.Despite their being the fortuitous foundation of our modern society and, the Classics are slowly disappearing from the American Education System. Ever since the change in the 1960’s with theCatholic Church’s decision to change from Latin mass to English, classical languages have been disappearing from schools in exchange for modern languages (Howe). Even though the classical languages are regarded as outdated, many schools and institutions continue to keep their grasps on the languages and have found that thanks to linguistics and its disciplines, students have been supplied with not only an academic edge, but a competitive edge in the career world. The teachings of Greece and Rome have already brought us so far, but with the furthering ofthe classics in our education, student are better thinkers and are able to see the links in language and the modern world that Greek and Latin provide. We teach history in schools so that we can learn from our pasts and improve upon previous decisions. Not only is it important to have a knowledge of our own nation and its trials, but it is imperative to be able to look at civilizations which, were almost identical to ours, and see which decisions and actions led to their demise; to find parallels in our world and make different choices to prolong a prosperous state. Rome was a civilization almost identical to our own; our constitution and democratic state were created to imitate those of the past. The Roman Empire was one of the longest lasting and most prosperous states of all of human history, looking back tothe origins of their success can help us today create a prevalent and affluent state which can even surpass our predecessors (Casson). Giving students the opportunity to make these connections not only improves their critical thinking skills but also helps them to see how something so old can relate to our modern world. An ed ucation in the classics provides these links; the languages hold so many cultural and historical allusions which are crucial to a deeper understanding. By simply learning these languages, so much can be gained from their literature and documents, which draws allusions to the many distinct intricacies of their world. Understanding the past, especially of the greatest civilizations that have come before, can point us towards a bigger and brighter future. Besides learning about people who lived thousands of years before us, there is more to Latin and Greek than what appears on the surface; English is composed 40% of words derived from Latin and 20% of words from Greek. Our grammatical structures are almost identical learning these languages can help to create a better understanding of our own lingual origins by looking at the foundations; â€Å"Latin grammar as revealing English grammar to the English-speaking student, partly because it shows in a clear light those fundamental relations which in our mother-tongue are obscured by the loss of inflections, partly because the terms of our formal grammar are borrowed from the Latin, and are understood in their full significance only in connection with the study of the language for the analysis of which they were primarily devised. Whatever contributes to the students grasp of the essential elements of vocabulary and structure adds to his power over language as an instrument of thought, and so to his effectiveness as a doer of the days work (Kelsey 26).† Classical languages help create bridges between English and the linguistics of which it is built from. By simply learning Latin or Greek, students are given an opening to see their own language in a different light, and tools for heavier mechanical understanding. A large majority of the more decorated words from English have direct derivatives from the classical languages and give students the upper hand in deciphering the ornate aspects of English. These languages not only provide insight into the classical world, but they directly impact the students knowledge of their own language and deliver the ability to learn many more. Greek was a precursor to most modern European languages, however Latin is the root language to Portuguese, Spanish, Romanian, Italian, French and English. The classical languages create a common ground between these individual dialects and also creates a linguistic link in terms of grammar and composition. The modern languages all have mechanical structures th at reflect back to those of Latin and Greek and therefore make it easier to understand and learn the modern languages by knowing those of which they are derived: â€Å"students learn not just to pay attention to details but to depend on them; over time, they not only learn that a language has a structure to it, but they also internalize the structure of a language more organized than their own. In this way, they better understand the languages they already speak, and when they go on to learn more modern languages they can learn them more efficiently (Connors).† Although Latin and Greek do not have an immediate utilitarian use in our world, they create a state of understanding which can lead to a quicker and more efficient multilingual learner. Teaching students classical languages may not provide them with an immediate edge in the business world, but it creates a state where students can become better learners with an academic edge. Immediate results are highly sought after in the American Education system and Latin does its part in giving its students the upper hand. According to the SAT Total Group Profile Report 2013, students who took the SAT Reasoning Test along with the Latin Subject Test had the highest reported scores in both the Critical Reading and Writing portions of the test. The same students had the second highest scores in the Math section,only a short margin behind students who took the Chinese Subject Test (College Board). The correlation between these scores and the rigor of the language show that Latin produces students who are not only well prepared and advantaged in the linguistic sections of the test, but they are also given skills which prepare them for higher level thinking (Holmes, Keffer). Links between the memorization of grammar charts and structures of these languages even correlate to students math abilities by being able to apply learned skills from Latin to mathematics. Instead o f schools offering SAT and ACT preparatory courses, they should require, or at least offer classical languages. These courses give students a better conceptual grasp of the material on the test instead of just learning the tricks of taking it. The disciplines of Latin not only apply to the language itself, but are extremely influential in a students aptitude in other areas of study. Knowledge in the classics gives students skills to excel in other areas of study, but Latin and Greek also have many applications in the career world. Medical terms are derived from Latin and Greek early medicinal philosophy is that of early Greek and Roman thinkers like Galen and Hippocrates. Biological terms are in latin anyone interested in a higher level science career would be easily advantaged with a knowledge of classical languages. Law terms are in latin, a large majority of studied military strategies originated from Ancient Greek and Roman tactics and battles. Being the foundations of American Government, a knowledge of classical oratory, politics, anddebates are imperative for aspiring politicians (Careers for Classicists). The world is filled with the influence of thee classical language they not only provide students with the academic edge, but also prepares them with expertise that applies beyond the academic world. The Classics are not a facet of an out-dated style of education; they still provide students with multiple advantages that span far beyond being able to speak the language. Replacing Latin and Greek in schools with modern languages reap students of the benefits they would have with these languages and hold them back from achieving the skills that apply far beyond the curriculum. Classics students have a higher respect and understanding of the history and culture,a greater comprehension of English, increased linguistic competence, higher test scores and even additional preparation for higher education along with further areas of study. Bringing the Classical disciplines and languages will improve the capabilities of students while boosting a school’s prestige. Although they may be far from the past, these languages benefit students exponentially more than classes which only teach utilitarian skills and deserve to be brought back into the forefront of education. The classics ar en’t outdated, only underappreciated; if the Classical Languages and disciplines were influential enough to resonate with the founding fathers, they should be enough to prepare our students for the world ahead. Works Cited Careers for Classicists. Classics at Oxford. Oxford University, n.d. Web. 2 Jan. 2014. . Casson, Lionel, and Lionel Casson. Everyday Life in Ancient Rome. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1998. Print. College Board, comp. 2013 College-Bound Seniors Total Group Profile Report. Rep. College Board, n.d. Web. 31 Dec. 2014. Connors, Molly. Pro Lingua Latina (In Defense Of The Latin Language). Journal Of Education 188.3 (2007): 85-90.Academic Search Premier. Web. 8 Jan. 2015. Holmes, C. Thomas, and Ronald L. Keffer. A Computerized Method To Teach Latin And Greek Root Words: Effect On Verbal SAT Scores. Journal Of Educational Research 89.1 (1995): 47. Academic Search Premier. Web. 8 Jan. 2015. Howe, Daniel Walker. Classical Education In America. Wilson Quarterly 35.2 (2011): 31-36. Academic Search Premier. Web. 8 Jan. 2015. Kelsey, Francis W. The Value of Latin and Greek as Educational Instruments. Latin and Greek in American Education: With Symposia on the Value of Humanistic Studies. New York: Macmillan, 1911. 26.Hathi Trust Digital Library. Web. 10 Dec. 2014. .

Woman and Marriage in the Essay’s of Pandita Ramabai and Rassundari Devi Essay Example

Woman and Marriage in the Essay’s of Pandita Ramabai and Rassundari Devi Essay Woman and Marriage in the essay’s of Pandita Ramabai and Rassundari Devi Pandita Ramabai an eminent Indian Christian social reformer and activist in her book High Caste Hindu Women highlights subject matter relating to the life of Hindu women including child brides, marriage and widowhood. She talks about the money aspect when arranging a marriage, the young ages of the boy and the girl, the marriage rituals and the inhuman expectations that the women are faced with. According to her, marriage was a fickle matter in the olden times. Women were not allowed a say in the choice of the groom and were married of ‘while still in their cradles’. Ramabai illustrates how Swayamvara, earlier a popular way of choosing your own husband was practically becoming extinct. It was now considered absurd to even think about asking the women’s opinion. Rassundari Devi, one of the pioneers in indigenous women’s writings, takes up this very topic in her autobiographical work Amar Jiban( My Life). In the work she traces her life as she goes from being the young girl in her family to a bride. She goes through motherhood, starvation, and the perpetual desire to read and write. She starts of by mentioning how happy and excited she was when she first learned she was to be married. We will write a custom essay sample on Woman and Marriage in the Essay’s of Pandita Ramabai and Rassundari Devi specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Woman and Marriage in the Essay’s of Pandita Ramabai and Rassundari Devi specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Woman and Marriage in the Essay’s of Pandita Ramabai and Rassundari Devi specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer She was cheered up by the array of ornaments, sari’s and music at her disposal. Pandita Ramabai offers the very same conclusion when she asked girls for fun if they would like to married and they would almost always answer in the affirmative. â€Å"There are gorgeous dresses, bright colored clothes, beautiful decorations, music, songs, fireworks, fun, plenty of fruit and sweet things to eat and to give away, lovely flowers, and the whole house is illuminated with many lamps. What can be more tempting to a childs mind than these? † But like she says later, little do these children know what awaits them after marriage. Bidding farewell to their mother and the laughter and joys of childhood these innocent souls are bound to life of marriage and housekeeping. Rassundari Devi too recounts the sadness she felt when she learned that she was to be given away to the other family. She was scared at the very thought of being separated from her family. However unlike the instances of ill-treatment and beatings that Pandita Ramabai mentions in her book, Rassundari Devi was fortunately wed into a family that treated her well and looked after her compared to the others. She writes that she felt very fortunate and thankful of God that he gave her a family that was loving and caring of her. One of the most important aspects that disturbed Pandita Ramabai was the ignorance of the grooms personality and background by father while considering marriage. She recounts a story where just upon learning the caste and class of a boy the father of a young girl gave her hand in marriage to him. He did not even enquire about his personal habits and lifestyle. She also mentions the joint family system wherein a young bride’s sole position is at the back of the house doing chores and serving the relatives. This is what even Rassundari Devi goes through just after she enters her marriage home. Her entire day was engaged in doing the housework that began very early and continued till midnight. There was no rest from it even when there were about eight maidservants in the house. It was considered custom that the brides do all the work as well as look after the children. Even Pandita Ramabai mentions the same: She must always be cheerful, clever in the management of her household affairs, careful in cleaning her utensils, and economical in expenditure. The High caste Hindu Women is also a testament to the rituals that made up a marriage and the behaviour that was expected out of a woman. Breaking a young bride’s spirits was considered an essential part of the initiation. She was never to be seen talking loudly or speaking before the male members of the family. Ramabai also documents the countless number of times a woman had to undergo beatings mostly at the hands of their mother in laws. As a study of the practices in the 18th and 19th century it is all well documented with notes and bibliography which are quite fascinating and informative. However one drawback that most critics hold Pandita Ramabai against is the dominance of the emphasis on the Brahmin side of things, when there were other similar problems going on. This obsession seems a little out of balance for a book dealing with Ramabai’s life. However by compiling all the little nuances that surrounded the life of a typical woman in those days Pandita Ramabai manages to give a picture of the patriarchal authority in place. Even more so Rassundari Devi’s own account of the hardships she had to go through validates some of the points made in Ramabai’s book.

Aisha Rapant Essays (1176 words) - Music, Milk, Milkman, Free Essays

Aisha Rapant Essays (1176 words) - Music, Milk, Milkman, Free Essays Aisha Rapant Essay Song of Solomon Flipped Meanings Darkness represents evil and dishonesty and whiteness represents good, purity and honesty, right? In the novel Song of Solomon , Toni Morris uses her unique style of writing to portray the two colors differently . Within the setting of the story, taking place during the Harlem Renaissance and the Civil Rights movemen t of African Americans, Morris makes clear the racial division of the people throughout the use of symbolism . The name of the protagonists in this novel have interesting names, and when thought about, have an irony to them . Milkman and Guitar are very good friends, but are almost complete opposites . When you think of milk, it's a very simple, white, pure, healthy substance . It pours smooth, and is made to be an important source of vitamins to most people . However, in the story, Milkman is not that . Milkman was a colored boy born into his wealth as a child, and was raised surrounded by money . His father wanted him to join the real-estat e business, and his mother wanted him to go to business school . Within his own personality, he is also very materialistic, self-centered, and close-minded to women, anyone inferior to him, and the division of race . Even though it looks like he must have it going good for himself, he is not content with himself . You could almost call him spiritually dead . Milk will go "wherever the party is", and eventually sets out on a quest for gold because he isn't happy . On the other hand, Guitar is Milkman's mentor . When you think of Guitars, you might see the dark imperfections of the wood, or how loud it is . It takes a while to master such an intricate instrument . In contrast, Guitar grew up in poverty in the South . Because of this setting, Guitar has a keen sense of awareness, and tends to be someone to look up to . "Wise and kind and fearless", he is said to be to Milkman . In fact, you can say that Guitar was the instrument in helping Milkman achieve freedom later in the novel . The characters, themselves, even represent this idea . It is very much prevalent in The Seven Days . This is a formed hate group of black men, including Guitar . The idea of whites killing blacks infuriates them so much that they reciprocate, and punish the white person the same way . To them, the same hateful acts and violence are deemed worse than if a black person initially committed it . It's not the act of violence that is seen as infuriating, it's the fact that it's coming from a white person . This thought of g eneral hatefulness is also seen briefly through Guitar's interactions after the saw mill accident with his father . The mill's white foreman offers the family almost no sympathy or financial support for his loss . Instead of life insurance, the man gave his mother fourth dollars, and what was bought from it was a peppermint stick "'to tide you and them kids over . '" The action of that alone was enough to make Guitar feel sick . There is a general hatred seen towards the man after . Tension often arises between white and colored individuals, but the most evil seems to stem from white individuals . Coming off from the peppermint sick given to Guitar in compensation with his father's death, many items in the story associating white, and dark colors create the sense of diversity and represent the time period . Within the peppermint sick, the colors were described as "bone-white and blood-red" , and in a spiral . This story can go back to the times of Malco m X and Martin Luther King Jr during the racial fight for inequality between colors and blacks . While Martin spread the idea of non-violence, Malcom X condemned the use of violence to gain back the rights of the colored . The red in the candy represents the blood and hardships within this revolution, and the white represents those who tried

70+ Plot Twist Ideas and Examples To Blow Your Readers Away

70+ Plot Twist Ideas and Examples To Blow Your Readers Away 70+ Plot Twist Ideas and Examples Guaranteed to Blow Your Mind Away As R.L. Stine once said, â€Å"Every story ever told can be broken down into three parts. The beginning. The middle. And the plot twist.†The legendary plot twist is a staple in almost every genre and medium of storytelling - one that’s fun to read but hard to write. To help you become a veritable Chubby Checker, here's a definitive resource that's all about the art of the twist.What is a plot twist?A plot twist is a story development that readers do not expect in which either something shocking happens or something shocking is revealed. Generally, the storyteller will set up expectations and then "twist" those expectations by revealing new information through subsequent plot points.The criteria for a plot twist tends to be made up of the following:It must be narratively sound,It must be unexpected, andIt might be foreshadowed.To no-one’s surprise, plot twists are particularly prevalent in mysteries, thrillers, and suspense fiction. However, the twist takes no pr isoners and has reared its head in almost every genre out there, which brings us to†¦Want to read some of the best, most twisted thrillers and suspense books out there? Check out these 50 best suspense books of all time, or our list of  23 psychological thrillers that will make your head spin.50+ plot twist ideas in pop cultureIf you seek inspiration for crafting your own twists, there’s no better place to start than with some of the most popular unexpected plot-turns in film and literature. But be warned: there be spoilers ahead. With that in mind, here are over 50 examples of plot twists in film and literature. Just in: SEVENTY plot twist ideas to fuel your story! I Am Your FatherMum’s the word when it comes to family secrets, right? Not so fast. This is the plot twist that concerns a revelation about the key character’s family. It could be that there is a surprising reveal regarding parentage - or perhaps it’s uncovered that the protagonist was an orphan all along.Made legendary by Star Wars, this type of plot twist is nevertheless widespread in all genres and mediums, as there’s no drama quite like family drama. As George Carlin once said: â€Å"The other night I ate at a real nice family restaurant. Every table had an argument going.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back. In a pivotal battle, Luke discovers that Darth Vader, his ultimate nemesis, is actually his father.Angels Demons. Robert Langdon is shocked by the revelation that the late pope’s aide is actually His Holyness’s’s son - conceived through artificial insemination.Shutter Island. During an investigation of a disap pearance from a remote asylum, U.S. Marshal Edward â€Å"Teddy† Daniels realizes that he himself is the missing patient - and the husband and murderer of the woman that he had been trying to locate.More plot twist examples of this flavor:The Man From Earth. Right before he dies from a heart attack, Will learns that the unaging Professor John Oldman is actually his father.Oldboy.   Mysteriously imprisoned for 15 years, Oh Dae-su falls in love with a young restaurant chef who is later revealed to be his daughter.The Kite Runner. Amir has mixed feelings when he discovers that his closest childhood friend, Hassan, is his half-brother.The Wizard of Oz. Dorothy is befuddled to discover that the Wizard of Oz is a middle-aged man using a microphone.The Prestige. Robert Angier, a rival stage magician, doesn’t realize that â€Å"Alfred Borden† is actually a double act of twin brothers until it’s too late.Gossip Girl. The end of the series pans to a shot of Dan H umphrey, revealing that he was Gossip Girl all along.Did we say that there were only 55 examples in this list? Well, how about THIS twist: here are 15 more!10+ plot twist ideas for youNow that you have an idea of what plot twists look like, you might find it easier to write your own. But in case you’re still struggling to come up with a twist, here are some hypothetical scenarios to jumpstart your thinking.56. CHARACTER A is persuaded by CHARACTER B that it is all a dream - when it’s actually not.57. A gift from CHARACTER B to CHARACTER A is really a trap.58. It is revealed that the NARRATOR is Death.59. An ARCHAEOLOGIST at a dig comes across his own skeleton.60. CHARACTER A discovers the real identity of CHARACTER B through an old yearbook.61. It is revealed that all the sounds that CHARACTER A has heard throughout his life has been inside his own head.62. CHARACTER A believes he is in Hell. It’s actually Earth.63. It is revealed that CHARACTER A and CHARACTER B are not themselves because they were body-swapped.64. CHARACTER A is informed that the previous events were actually part of an alternate reality simulation.65. It is revealed that SANTA CLAUS is real.66. A promise that CHARACTER A and CHARACTER B made when they were children is not really what they think it to be.67. CHARACTER A is set up with CHARACTER B, a rich politician, and finds herself falling in love with CHARACTER B’S GIRLFRIEND.68. CHARACTER A goes on a series of blind dates without realizing that it is all being filmed for the next experimental season of The Bachelor.69. A key strength of CHARACTER A becomes a key weakness.70. CHARACTER A experiences puzzling and unexplained flashbacks because she is the reincarnation of GEORGE WASHINGTON.Now, over to youA well-written plot twist makes for some of the most exciting, mind-blowing, and dramatic stories in history, which is why it’s so important to get it right. Here’s the second plot twist for this post: it’s now up to you to write your own.And before you go, here’s one more: you don’t have to be alone when writing it. Leave your best (or favorite) plot twists below in the comments, and we’ll reply to every one of them!Are you writing your own plot twists? How is it going? If you'd like to share your experiences or bounce ideas off of us, just comment below.

Electronica Music and Its Impact on the Music Industry Essay - 1

Electronica Music and Its Impact on the Music Industry - Essay Example Electronica Music and Its Impact on the Music Industry Ultimately, within a span of a decade the elements comprising the original electronica genre were reborn within the recent music scene itself, as it became infused with other popular genres such as hip-hop, rap, rock, and dance music (Bogdanov 634). This helped the next generation of audiences in appreciating electronica’s legacy as one of the earliest predecessors of contemporary music today. The Historical Background of Electronica as a Musical Genre Electronica was originally used around the 1950’s in Hollywood movies for background music, in order to emphasize on the emotions of the characters being portrayed (Collins 78). Influenced by classical music, electronica became a mood-maker in cinema, implying the character’s detachment from reality. It was also borne out of a cultural purpose of widening and increasing what is considered to be musical sounds (Dunn 2). In later years there was an increase in the frequency of electronica played outside the movie ind ustry, and in the late 1960’s Europe electronica can be heard in the radiowaves, most notably in Germany (Keith). The avant-garde music scene along with the movies gave way to electronica becoming a futuristic and space-themed music (Dunn 14; Reynolds). Some of the known composers of early electronica include William S. Burroughs, Klaus Schulze, and Walter Carlos (Keith; Reynolds). They usually worked together with performers to create a distinct sound for each one. Some of the performers of early electronica that collaborated with these early composers and became well-known were Tangerine Dream, Tomita, Can, Faust and Neu!, King Crimson, and ELP (Keith; Reynolds). These early performers became known due to their strong resolve in making distinct, wild, and original sounds that use nearly everything from home-made gadgets to large, modular synthesizers. As the genre grew, there were also important changes in electronica such as its beginnings of being trickled slowly with traditional instruments (Collins 137). Gradually there became an acceptance of a wide variety of electronic instruments included with other non-electronic ones, and has now became staples in commonly-heard music (Dunn 6). This also allowed the increased use of elec tronic music instruments in the growing disco scene of the 1970’s (Mickley). Electronica rapidly evolved due to the vast leaps in technological advancement (Dunn 8). As a result, there came a wide availability of electronically-based instruments such as synthesizers and analogs that can alter the sounds produced, and the arrival of other electronic-based instruments such as keyboards and guitars. There was also an increased acceptability of electronica amongst listeners, leading to the development of important genres from electronica (Bogdanov 14). These include music that have a greater focus on accompaniment instead of vocals such as electronic dance music (EDM), funky beats, dance-pop, techno, and experimental rock. The Cultural Background of Electronica Most of the original listeners and audiences of electronica were late teens to people in their early 30’s, people from middle or working class and with near-equal mix of genders appreciating it(Campbell 323).Countri es that allowed the proliferation of

American history questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American history questions - Essay Example It established the notion of an international justice system that can be resorted to in cases when criminal acts are committed by a country against the citizens of another country or when they are committed by a government against its own people. The relevance of the Trials was that they served as precedent to future cases. In the subsequent cases, for example, crimes against humanity like genocide and ethnic cleansing committed in Yugoslavia, Rwanda, and Indonesia, the principles of the Nuremberg Trials were employed to try the accused. At the close of the war, the threats to these freedoms were once again resuscitated by the actions of the USSR. Harry Truman who succeeded Roosevelt to office saw the Russians’ foreign policy as emphatic on the communist ideology, suspicious, aggressive and close to and of the world around it. Soviet seemed so suspiciously obsessed with its security. Truman then decided that the best way to deal with the Russians and Stalin was a hard-line approach to contain communism and defend American interests. Thus, there was a discarding of the policy of compromise and the adoption of the policy of containment. In addition, Truman took a lesson from the past. His ‘Iron Fist’ approach was a reaction to the appeasement approach that was employed by the British towards Germany and Hitler before the outbreak of the WWII. Since the appeasement approach seemed to have goaded Hitler into being an airhead and declared war against the allies. Truman thought that from then on such an approach is not only futile but also dangerous and so he took a different tact. Another threat that communism brought to the US is the fear that that it’s spread in Europe would curtail US trade in that market. The revival of Europe after the war was especially important to the consumer-based US and therefore it must be safeguarded from communism. Q8 Some historians argue that the

Leonard Michaels in Murderers Essay Example for Free

Leonard Michaels in Murderers Essay â€Å"I was not a happy teen. I’d never write about being happy†, were the exact words written by Leonard Michaels, a novelist, short story writer, critic, and professor, in his published diaries. He did go through with his word. Every single one of his works revolved on unique personal sadness, including his famous work, and the center of this paper, â€Å"Murderers†. Michaels’ style of writing was greatly influenced by his personal experiences. Being born on Polish immigrants and being raised on the Lower East Side of New York, you could expect something of a dramatic and inappropriate childhood setting with his daily life. The story was written in a terse, direct way, and surprisingly, for something too tragic, very specific. The readers could expect to be taken by melancholy, bleakness, and despair for his style is quite effective to his audience. His tone, grammar and usage of imagery revealed too much of him that he ultimately made his presence known in his work. His vocabulary has a trace of the 1940’s expressions, since the setting was exactly where he grew up. His sentences oftentimes are both astonishing and illuminating, like the way his characters just shrugged off someone’s death in front of their eyes. It, in a way, revealed a lot of unwanted truths about his unfortunate life, and that of those who live in the area. The whole story was written like it was a reflection of the things he regrets, and reading it was totally eye opening. It made the readers, especially me, realize how fortunate we are. Fortunate not to have had the same horrifying experiences.

The Japanese Internment :: history

The Japanese Internment During World War II, Canada was at war with Germany and Italy. Canada was fighting to protect the lifestyle that its citizens had become accustomed to. The soldiers in WW II gave their lives for the good of their great nation. Canada was also facing a major threat in the Pacific. The threat was the powerful nation of Japan. To that point in time Japan was the strongest military force that the world had ever seen. The Japanese government was strongly influenced by military leaders who were in favor of an expansion of Japanese power in the Pacific through military means. Japan had been sweeping through such strong military forces as China, Australia and Britain (Hong Kong). Japan was a major threat in World War Two to a lot of countries. Then when japan bombed Pearl Harbor in a surprise attack against the Americans. The Canadian government had to move quickly to protect its borders. The Canadian government decided that it was best that the Japanese be moved inland away from the coast. This was done for two main reasons, one to prevent spying and sabotage and secondly to protect the Japanese from anti-Asian violence. This decision was not only for the good of the country but also for the good of the Japanese people. The government made the right decision for the matter at hand. It is true that the Canadian Government noted that "no Japanese in Canada has been suspected of or linked to, an act of sabotage or espionage". Also in a RCMP investigation, the Japanese in Canada were not considered a real threat but the assessment was conducted before the country of Japan was officially in World War Two. These reports would have been outdated as the ideas and beliefs of the Japanese could have changed once Japan was at war with the world. People changed their views during times of change. As Japan officially entered W.W.II many passions of the people may have changed. The Canadian Government was faced with the treat of this possible change. If the Japanese were to roam free during this time, what is to say that a small group of loyal Japanese could not have started a subversive group? The Japanese government could have also paid some of the Japanese's in Canada substantial amounts of money to spy for them. Although many Japanese living in Canada would be patriotic to Canadian cause, there would be some that would align themselves with Japan, which could be seen as a potential threat to Canada.

Rose

Lee is unafraid to show emotion, especially when writing about his father or his wife. The images Lee finds, such as the rose and the apple, can refer to the life-span off human. Life (on the tree branch), falling off tree (Life- span), then how death Is portrayed by using the ground as the end of life. Even his father's blindness and death can become beautiful. From what I gathered from the poems in Rose, was Lee grew up in a strong tight-knit family environment.He is not afraid to describe is feelings with colorful adjectives, and has a powerful relationship with his mother and father throughout his poems. It is clear that Lee grew up in an atmosphere where there is a certain level of humility, love of speech, from where he also searched for wisdom understanding. Lie-Young Lee's poems are very beautiful and meditative. The way that Lee captures love & longing, subtle forms of love, nuances of parental relationships, and the sadness and reflection that makes it meaningful and though t provoking to the reader.Lee draws on his own life experience in such a way that readers will wonder if he is ring to extract those experiences from his inner self. While these poems are deeply personal, they are also universal in their appeal. Like a child who possesses a sensual, adult relationship with the world, Lie-Young Lee shines with an open gentleness and delicate Iverson 2 sensitivity. Nothing escapes his keen eye and, as he so greatly illustrates, the greatest art is all around us. Lee's poetry results in a clarification or awakening of feelings that summon the reader's desire to examine his or her feelings, and by examining them, express them.Therefore, by reaching into our own self-awareness, we are able to eek redemption. We forgive ourselves. Young Lee's poetry is lucid in the way he captures the details of living with accuracy and tenderness, it moves the reader to awe . Lee reveals the way our families create who we are in a manner that heals the reader and makes u s examine our own lives. Lee often writes about his father and his own attempt to understand his connection to him and the heritage bestowed on him. Lee also uses many forms of symbolism throughout his work. For example, in â€Å"Dreaming of Hair,† the hair is an evil thread of death.This Lee sees the simple image of his father braiding his mother's hair. Lee's work is filled with these varying symbolic representations of the ordinary. This is one of things that make his work so unique and interesting. The poetry of Lie-Young Lee consists of simple forms that create a natural and earthy feel for the reader. The symbolism and imagery in his work comes from the deep well of experience and Lee writes in a style that gives the reader a sense of his urgency – almost as if Lee is trying to purge himself from what lies within him. Because of this, Rose is a very interesting and thought provoking read.

Top 20 Indian Site

Top 20 Indian Sites S. No Site DOB Type 1. Rediff. com 2/8/97 Portal 2. Indiatimes. com 22/12/96 Portal 3. Sify. com 6/10/98 Directory 4. Shaadi. com 30/7/96 Matrimony 5. Monsterindia. com 16/5/00 Jobs 6. IciciBank. com 16/7/96 Bank 7. Indiafm. com 15/6/98 Music 8. Sulekha. com 25/2/98 Society 9. Hindustantimes. com 14/8/96 News 10. MapsofIndia. com 14/9/98 Maps 11. Timesjobs. com 13/12/02 Jobs 12. Makemytrip. com 8/5/00 Travel 13. Expressindia. com 13/11/96 News 14. 123india. com 22/10/96 Search 15. Timesofindia. com 8/4/96 News 16. Wipro. com 8/12/92 Computer 17. Infosys. om 17/7/92 Computer 18. Tcs. com 25/11/97 Computers 19. Tata. com 15/10/96 business 20. Airindia. com List Of Top Companies Of India: Reliance Industries Limited This is the largest private sector conglomerate in India founded by Dhirubhai Amabani with an annual turnover of about US$ 35. 9. This Fortune Global 500 company have its businesses in materials and energy value chain. It enjoys the position of the global leadership and is also the largest producer of yarn and fibre in the world. It ranks among the top ten producers across the globe in major petrochemical products. The primary subsidiaries of the company are Reliance Retail Limited and Reliance Petroleum Limited along with Reliance Industrial Infrastructure Limited. Oil & Natural Gas Corporation This company is awarded as the Best Oil and Gas company in Asia. It is the lone contributor of about 84% India's oil and gas. This company is not only among the leading Indian companies but also a leading company of oil and gas. The highest profit making corporate of India is ONGC. It has 77% share in the crude oil production of India. The company's main activity is to explore,refine,produce,market and transport crude oil,natural gas etc. State Bank of India It is the largest Indian bank and one of the leading companies in India. It offers banking services through its wide network in India and overseas. With more than 16,000 branches it accounts for the largest bank branch network in India. It offers services like the Mobile Banking,Internet Banking, Demat Services,ATM Services,Corporate Banking,Merchant Banking,Agricultural Banking,online services like online educational loan,online SME loan and many others. Indian Oil Corporation It is a public sector Indian Petroleum company and also the largest commercial enterprise in India. This company ranks 116 on the list of the Fortune Global 500 list in the year 2008. It operates the widest and the largest network of fuel stations in India which is about 17,606. Auto LPG Dispensing Stations are started by the company and it helps reach Indane Cooking Gas to 47. 5 million households. The company's products are diesel, petrol , Servo Lubricants etc. ICICI Bank The largest private sector bank in the sector of market capitalization in India is ICICI Bank and the second largest bank in assets. The wide network of the bank has 1,399 branches,49 regional processing centres,22 regional offices and more than 4,485 ATMs. It provides the banking services like Personal banking,Corporate Net Banking,NRI,Internet Banking,24-hr Customer Care and many other banking facilities. NTPC National Thermal Power Corporation Limited is the largest power company in India and has a capacity of 29894 MW with 7 gas based,15 coal based power stations and about four joint ventures. The company is the top among the Best Workplaces for Large Organizations. Two major units of the company is in Orissa. The core business of the company are construction,engineering and operation of power generating plants. Steel Authority of India Limited In India,one among the largest steel makers is Steel Authority of India Limited. The company has a turnover of about Rs. 45555 crore. The company also ranks higher among the top five largest profit earning Indian corporate. It is also the 16th largest producer of steel in the world. The website of the company gives all the required information about the Sales, Durgapur Steel Plant and other Plants and Units of the company. Tata Steel The company was initially known as TISCO and Tata Iron and Steel Company. It is the sixth largest Indian Steel company in the world. The crude capacity of the company is 28 million tones. It is also ranks second among the largest private sector steel companies in India. It had a profit of Rs 12,350 crore in the year 2008. The main plant is in Jharkhand, Jameshedpur. It has become multinational for its operations across the world. The registered office is in Mumbai. Bharti Airtel Bharti Enterprises' flagship company is Bharti Airtel. It is the topmost company in the sector of telecom. The company is ranked as the one with best performance across the globe in 2007 by the Business Week Magazine. It is also the first provider of telephine service in the private sector and has carved the telecom sector path in India. The three business units of the company are Enterprise Services,Mobile services and Broadband and Telephone Services Reliance Communications The company offers services like the information and communication,infrastructure and services for individuals and enterprises,consulting and applications. The company consumers are in Reliance Landline, BroadNet, Rworld, Reliance Global call, Reliance IPTV,Wireless Phone,Mobile-CDMA,GSM etc. The company is a renowned name in the implementation and managing of entire telephony solution.

The Fifth Estate

The Fifth Estate The Fifth Estate The Fifth Estate By Maeve Maddox A movie about Julian Assange, the man who founded a website devoted to leaking information that governments wish to keep secret, is called The Fifth Estate. Most modern speakers associate the word estate with various types of property, for example, a grand house with extensive grounds the assets left by a deceased person a housing development The word estate in the expression fifth estate originates from a much earlier use of the word: An order or class regarded as part of the body politic, and as such participating in the government either directly or through its representatives. The earliest reference to this meaning of estate in the OED is dated 1380 when John Wyclif asserted that people belong to three categories ordained by God: priests, knights, and the â€Å"commons.† The concept evolved differently in different European countries, but the essential idea was to view society in terms of who had a voice in government. In England, the three estates came to be defined as Lords Spiritual (high-ranking clergy like bishops), Lords Temporal (nobility), and Commons. In France, the three estates were Clergy, Nobles, and Townsmen. A few European countries, like Sweden, recognized four estates, but it’s the three-estate concept that explains the development of the English expression fifth estate, A fact to keep in mind about the medieval third estate is that it did not include everyone who did not belong to the first two estates. The third estate was made up of wealthy landowners and merchants. The portion of the population that lacked rank or wealth lacked a political voice as well. The term fourth estate was coined in the 18th century as a figurative expression to label the sector of the population that exists outside the circle of established political power. Nowadays, the fourth estate has become a synonym for the Press, but in 1752, Fielding identified the fourth estate with â€Å"the Mob.† Various individuals and groups were referred to as â€Å"the fourth estate† before the term finally settled on the Press. Newspapers won the term because they were perceived as the voice of the politically or socially disenfranchised. If newspapers have sold out and become a part of the Establishment, then strictly speaking, the coinage â€Å"fifth estate† is unncessary. The mantle should simply be taken from the traditional Press and passed on to the Internet. However, maybe the term does represent something new. Perhaps the role of the fifth estate is not to provide everyone with a voice in government, but to provide a means of undermining government. So far, the meaning of fifth estate remains blurry. The earliest reference to its use in the OED refers to the medium of radio and is dated 1932. In a 1955 reference, the fifth estate is equated with trade unions. Only ten uses of fifth estate occur in the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) for the years 1990-2012. Six of those citations refer to the title of a television program. The Assange movie will doubtless have the effect of turning fifth estate into a buzz word. How the term’s figurative meaning will evolve remains to be seen. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Rules for Writing Numbers and NumeralsList of Greek Words in the English LanguageKn- Words in English

Sacagewea's Imact on Modern Native American Women in the Southwest Essay

Sacagewea's Imact on Modern Native American Women in the Southwest - Essay Example In many ways, Sacagawea has acted as a role model for the modern Native American woman and has transcended the stereotype left by the oppression of history. Sacagawea's image has been a lasting symbol of the Native American female. She has at times been represented as a mother with a child strapped on her back scouting her way beyond a distant horizon. She has also been shown as a Native Princess paddling a birch bark canoe in the light of a full moon. The turn of the 20th century witnessed the exploitation of the Native American female as they were portrayed on postcards and calendars as "princesses, who were more enticing, in their sexually explicit outfits, of low necklines, net stockings, and slit skirts" (Valaskakis 141). The pristine image of Sacagawea has endured because of the legend that surrounded her. Sacagawea has become a universal symbol that has framed the Native American woman and has given a voice to the Indian culture. The legend of Sacagawea has been a key component of the bridging of the gap between Native Americans and European settlers. In addition, it has added to our morality and attitudes toward race, ethnicity, and gender. The Lewis and Clark Expedition was a journey of white male Europeans being led by a Native American Woman. The magnitude of the expedition can be seen in Meriwether Lewis's journal entry of April 7, 1805 where he writes, "we are now about to penetrate a country at least two thousand miles in width, on which the foot of civillized (sic) man had never trodden; the good or evil it had in store for us was for experiment yet to determine, and these little vessells (sic) contained every article by which we were to expect to subsist or defend ourselves" (Lewis). The expedition was in the hands of Sacagawea and was reliant upon her for its success. This acknowledgement of the respect for Sacagawea laid the foundation for the women's movement that would affect women of all color decades later. The attitude of the white male power structure was one of overconfident invincibility in its move Westward to conquer the land and the Natives. However, the government had greatly underestimated the task of making it to the west coast. In 1803 President Thomas Jefferson wrote the Congress requesting the necessary resources to launch the expedition. Jefferson wrote, "It is understood that the country on the river is inhabited by numerous tribes [. . .] An intelligent officer with ten or twelve chosen men [. . .] might explore the whole line, even to the Western ocean" (Duncan and Burns 8). Jefferson and the government had placed the "ten or twelve chosen men" as a powerful force in the face of the Natives and nature. The expedition soon realized that they were undermanned when facing the vast hostile tribes of the West and Sacagawea was able to act as a symbol of peace rather than aggression ("The Life of Sacagawea"). The fact that one teenage Native woman would be needed to complete the trek across the country defined Sacagawea as a woman that was skilled, tenacious, and courageous. This portrayal has empowered the Native American female in a litany of other, and more personal, endeavors. The most powerful force that has impacted the Native American woman by the life of Sacagawea has been the inspiration that she has given to the young people in search of a role model. This

Stress coping, social support and quality of live for a patient who Essay

Stress coping, social support and quality of live for a patient who suffered stroke and partner (husband) that had to give up his job to look after his partner - Essay Example Sandra is unable to speak at this time which also means that she cannot work; her husband has to quit work so that he can take care of her. The purpose of this discussion is to design information that can help Sandra and her husband cope with what has happened and insure that they will have a quality of life. According to The Stroke Association (2009), there are many psychological changes that a person can experience after a stroke. Depression is a common result because a person must deal with physical changes that are different from what they experience before the stroke. Many people are not assessed for depression so it is a good idea for Sandra to have an assessment for depression. Fear and anxiety can affect an individuals psychological well-being because they have lost the ability to use part of their body or they have been affected in other ways. In Sandras case, she is unable to speak and she has lost the use of her right side. Sandra will need to adjust to this situation in order to be successful in rehabilitation. Although each stroke is different, because Sandras left side of her brain has been affected, she may experience outbursts of anger or she may find herself crying for no known reason (Stroke Association, Fact Sheet 10, p. 1). These bursts of anger and crying are often linked to their frustration of not being able to take care of themselves for their daily needs (Ryan, 2009, p. 1806). Many stoke victims have a loss of sexual desire, and perceived loss of control or "the relinquishing of defined roles" of their daily routine. (Thompson and Ryan, p. 1807). The family is also affected because initially it is a shock. Most people do not feel that they are going to have any health problems and a stroke happens suddenly and dramatically. Family members may also feel a sense of loss because the person they have known and loved is now different. The doctors cannot really determine how much recovery a person will

Procedural Steps Involved in Bringing a Case to the Docket of the Supr Assignment

Procedural Steps Involved in Bringing a Case to the Docket of the Supreme Court - Assignment Example However, aside from the Clerk of the Supreme Court, who serves as a court clerk, there are also the law clerks of the justices. A law clerk assists the justice in making an opinion through research and the writing of recommendations. An example of a law clerk that is currently serving Supreme Court justice is David Morrell. He is a graduate of Yale and once worked as a clerk of Judge E. Jones of the 5th Circuit. The solicitor general represents that the interests of the federal government in the Supreme Court. The Constitutional authority for lawmaking is stated in the Article I, Section 1 of the US Constitution. This clearly states that it is the Congress of the United States that has the power to create laws. The Congress is composed of two chambers, the Senate and the House of Representatives. Both chambers have the power to initiate the legislative process, with individual representatives and senators having the right to push a bill. After it has been formulated, the House and Senate Committees which have jurisdiction over the bill’s nature would then study it before approving or disapproving it at their level. It is at the level of the US congressional committees that the markup of the bill is done. The markup of the bill is a process in which debates or deliberations carried out prior to the committees’ decision. After the concerned congressional committee has approved a bill, it goes to the next stage which is House body itself. However, this has to pass the House Rule s Committee, which has the responsibility determining how the bill is to be handled by Congress when it comes to schedules of sessions, framework, and boundaries of the deliberations. It is possible that there are two versions of the same bill coming from the House and the Senate respectively. If there are conflicting points between the two versions, a Conference Committee may be constituted. This is composed of senators and  house representatives who are proponents of the bill. Their objective is to make a final version of the bill.  Ã‚  

Turkish invasion of Cyprus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Turkish invasion of Cyprus - Essay Example Even before the conflict, the tension arose when the Cyprus Convention, on the basis of which Britain 'leased' the island, lost much of its relevance for some reasons, foremost of which was the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire. However there is a background of the conflict followed by the year 1878, when Cyprus was offered to the British, the Turkish sultans expected them to build a strong naval base on the island, which could be used as a deterrent against possible Russian attacks on the Asian parts of the Ottoman Empire (Borowiec: 24). This project was never realized thus never fulfilled. Despite high claims and loud voices in Britain that demanded an end to colonial rule in Cyprus, the Convention was never abrogated, resulting in the economic disaster in Cyprus. After the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, it was felt that the time was not favourable for the Cyprus government as the Turkish government had just relaxed its negotiating position linking free access to Ayios Theodhoros with Artemis Road (Hart: 47). It had also, instructed its permanent representative to the United Nations to thank Secretary-General for his efforts in obtaining the release of Denkta, and to state Ankara's acceptance of the UNFICYP timetable for the phased resumption of police patrols to the village, provided UNFICYP returned the Kophinou police compound to Turkish Cypriot police and redoubled its efforts to settle the Artemis Road situation. The attitude of the Turkish Government was warlike because for months the Demirel administration had been focusing its attention on internal development projects, many involving U.S. economic assistance. However the advance deployment of heavy weaponry and Greek mainland troops were indicating something fishy not only, in battalion strength, around Skarinou, but throughout the island. When the Cyprus crises erupted in 1964, Turkey found itself deprived to get U.S. support, at that time Ankara thought of reapproaching Arabs with a hope that would pay off. However the Arabs instead supported Greece with arms and weapons against the Turkish Cypriot minority (Nachmani: 14). Turkey while depicting such attitude of Middle East as the Arab betrayal, tried to shake hands with the Western world. Conflicts and threats during and after Turkish invasion The political aspirations of the Cypriot leaders were to inspire Cypriots towards either Greece or Turkey instead of creating a mutual concern for the unity of their nation and for their own self-preservation as Cypriots. The dominant feeling that remained long after the invasion among Turkish Cypriots was that the internationally recognized government of Cyprus has not represented the interests of the island's Turkish community. Indeed, it was observed that except minor exceptions, particularly after the invasion, Greek Cypriots regarded Turkish Cypriots as enemies rather than as compatriots. Greeks never considered them as their equal partners due to which systematic economic blockade of the Turkish areas by the Greek side were theoretically intended to 'punish' Turkey (Borowiec: 8). Distances between Greeks and Turks remained wider and therefore alienated the minority that was supposed to share the island with the Greeks. However despite the elements that separated two Cypriot

The Overview For The Customer Loyalty Marketing Essay

The Overview For The Customer Loyalty Marketing Essay This chapter starts with the introduction of the researchs topic. Firstly, I will explain the overview for the customer loyalty. After that, research background, problem statement and research objective will discuss on this chapter. Besides, the justification, scope of the study, and limitation of the study hand been thoroughly discussed in chapter one. Finally, I will give definition for the importance term that I often use in this research. Nowadays, Customer loyalty is very important if an organization want to retain its current customers. Gaining customer loyalty becomes a key objective for banking organizations. Customer loyalty defines loyalty as a deeply held commitment to rebuy or repatronize a preferred product or service consistently in the future, despite situational influences and marketing efforts having the potential to cause switching behavior. (Oliver 1997,p.360) This has lead to a different definition of customer loyalty, an ongoing propensity to buy the brand, usually as one of several (Uncles et al., 2003, Gee et al., 2008,). Customer loyalty can be determined by looking at the number of purchases made by the customer from the product portfolio of a company, the frequency of acquisition, the percentage from the total expenditures made by a customer for a certain product or service. (Filip and Anghel, 2009). Besides, customer loyalty can be determined through consumer preferences and their affective disposition toward the bank, which are combined with repeat purchasing. Due to Filip and Constantinescu, 2007, we can conclude that repetitive customer behavior is not enough for us to be considered loyal towards the banking industry. (Filip and Anghel, 2009) Many academics need have more knowledge and better understanding to the process of developing customer loyalty (McMullan and Audrey, 2008, Oliver, 1999; Knox and Walker, 2001; Tsaur et al. 2002). When the academic have enough knowledge, they can know how to segmentation the customers according to different levels of customer. So, Different level customers have different strategies based on their background. In addition, the relationship between competition and loyalty becomes stronger when level of competition increase. Services sector is one of the examples because this sector has a lot of choices and rapidly emerging innovative products and services (McMullan and Audrey, 2008, Stevens, 2000). However, the academic and practical knowledge of the determinants of customer loyalty is very important for a organization to survive in market. In overall, we can say that develop an efficient customer loyalty strategic is very important for a organization includes banks. A successful strategic can help the organization to retain the customer in order to survive in highly competitive market. So, bank must build a strong customer relationship with their customer. 1.2 Background of the research In Malaysia, there are many bank located in different states, banking sector becoming increasing competitive from day to day. Due to the rapid development of information technology, it has made a great impact in the banking industry deeply. The high technology can provide the customer better alternative than before. It can help the customer to fulfill their financial needs. So, many bank need to keep improve themselves with the high technology to retain the customer. In order to retain the customer, the bankers need to have different kind of marketing and management strategic. One of the strategies is to understand their customer needs and try to satisfy their needs. There are several reasons that can influence customers selection of a bank. The range of services, rates, fees and prices charged can influence the customer mind when they want choose the suitable bank to keep their money .(Cohen et al., 2006;Abratt and Russell, 1999). Furthermore, providing service excellence, innovative products are vital to succeed in the banking industry. As conclusion, description above is my research background. It relate to the problem statement and objective that I am going to study during this research. 1.3 Problem statement Customer loyalty becoming an important element of banking strategy in todays increasingly competitive environment. Nowadays, the entire bankers need to compete with each other to survive in this highly competitive market. The entire banker must identify the problem occur in the bank and try to manage the problem in a proper way. Employees play an important role in a banking industry. Employees represent the professionalism of an organization. So, the banker must make sure their employee willingness to solve problems when emergency case happens. They must train their employee when how to dealing with customer. The employee must deal with customer friendliness and have sufficient knowledge to help customer. Other than that, the employee must have communication skills, and selling skills when dealing with customers. Many researchers conclude that retaining an existing bank customer costs less than creating a new customer. They discover that the cost of creating a new customer has been expected to be five times more than that of retaining an existing customer (Gan et al., 2006,Reichheld, 1996). Some researcher has explored the influence of several factors on loyalty. There are service quality, customer satisfaction, corporate image, commitment and conflict handling. Based on the research, this several factor have great impact on customer loyalty. Unfortunately, many banking industry does not fulfill the requirement of this several factor. Some banks do not understand the customer needs and provide the wrong information to customer. Other than that, some banks do not provide the good quality of service. The bank staff does not know how to deal with customer; the customer will think the staff no manners and do not professional. Besides, some bank does not build the strong relationship with the loyalty customer by giving them some special offer. If retention criteria are not well managed, customers may still leave their banks and find another bank to manage their wealth. In order to settle those problems, the bank must know how to handle the problem and try to satisfy the customer needs. Research question: Is there any significant relationship between reliability and customer loyalty? Is there any significant relationship between responsiveness and customer loyalty? Is there any significant relationship between assurance and customer loyalty? Is there any significant relationship between empathy and customer loyalty? Is there any significant relationship between tangibles and customer loyalty? Is there any significant relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty? Is there any significant relationship between corporate image and customer loyalty? Is there any significant relationship between commitment and customer loyalty? Is there any significant relationship between conflict handling and customer loyalty? 1.4 Research Objective Research had show that customer loyalty is very important for an organization. Therefore, the objective of this research is to analyze the factor that can influence customer loyalty towards banking industry. Besides, the purpose of this study is to investigate how the bank to strengthen the relationship between bank and customer. The target respondent for this research is undergraduate university student. The study has some specific objective are as follow, i) To determine important factors affect the customer loyalty on bank ii) To analyze the relationship between reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, tangibles, customer satisfaction, corporate image, commitment and conflict handling. iii) To make suggestion that could assist bank manager to increase customer loyalty towards bank. 1.5 Research Justification Nowadays, gaining customer loyalty becomes the purpose of a bank in order to survive in the competitive market. So, all the banking organization tries to make every customer satisfy their services. The result of this research will be able to provide an insight into how the bank manager to determine the factor that can affect the customer loyalty towards banking industry. All the relationship between the factors and customer loyalty can help the bank manager to making more effective market strategic. Besides, this result also can benefit all organizations includes banking industry. With the research, they can determine the factor that can influence the customer loyalty and the relationship between the factors and customer loyalty. Therefore, they can learn and make decision at the better way. Furthermore, the findings of this research are very useful to local banking industry. The findings of this research can provide some useful feedbacks that help the bank manager to improve the bank service quality. It is important to banking industry as it has direct impact of customer loyalty. If the improvement of the bank services parallel with the needs of the customer, the bank can increase the amount of customer satisfaction. High level customer satisfaction will reduce the customer switching. 1.6 Limitation of the study This study only focuses on banking industry in Malaysia due to the time limitation and other country banking industry hard to do more research on it. Besides, the customer loyalty also affect buy other external factors such as price. Besides, the research only focuses on undergraduate university students which include the local university and private university. It is hard to find target respondent other than undergraduate university student to do the survey. It is assumed that the respondents will answer the question in an honest manner. So, the results get from the research maybe not accurate. 1.7 Scope of the study This research target respondents consist of a group of 200 undergraduate university students. The undergraduate university students must be a bank customer. In this research, data are collected through primary research by the questionnaire survey form. Suggestion, recommendations from the bank customer can get through the survey form. In order to achieve the objective of the research, the questionnaires will be set based on research objective and hypotheses statement. It can make sure that the data that had been collected are more accurate and useful for the research. 1.8 Conclusion As a conclusion, bank should always keep improve the services in order to compete with other competitor. Customer loyalty is a key success for a banking industry. The cost of creating a new customer has been expected to be five times more than that of retaining an existing customer (Reichheld, 1996). 1.9 Definition bank A  bank  is a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels those deposits into lending activities. Banks primarily provide financial services to customers while enriching investors. Government restrictions on financial activities by banks vary over time and location. Banks are important players in financial markets and offer services such as investment funds and loans. Customer loyalty Customer loyalty can be define as a deeply held commitment to rebuy or repatronize a preferred product or service consistently in the future, despite situational influences and marketing efforts having the potential to cause switching behavior.(Oliver 1997,p.360) Customer Satisfaction Customer satisfaction is defined as the customers response to the evaluation of the perceived discrepancy between prior expectations and the actual performance of the product/service as perceived after its consumption. (Che-Ha,Tse, 2007 and Tse and Wilton, 1988,p.127) 1.10 Organization of Research Project This research project consists of five chapters which is introduction, literature review and research methodology, results and discussion, conclusions and recommendations. Chapter one is introduction of the research project. It begins with the overview and background of the topic. After that, this chapter also covers background of the research and problem statement. After identify objective of research, research justification will be discuss. Finally, limitation of the study and scope of the study will be explained. Chapter two is literature review. It presents the variables that involve in this research. The variables include reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, tangibles, customer satisfaction, corporate image, commitment and conflict handling. First, I define the key terms and variables, and then followed by literature review in the context of factors affecting customer loyalty towards bank. Finally, a small conclusion will be discussed. Chapter three states the research methodology. It begins with introduction and then followed by a complete research framework to illustrate the relationship between the dependent variable and independent variable. After that, nine hypotheses were developed to test the correlation. Sampling procedures and sources of data will also discuss in this chapter. Furthermore, some technique to develop questionnaire also will discuss. Chapter four presents the results from the data analyses. The analysis examines the results how whether the variables can influence the bank customer loyalty. The analysis can find out there is any significant relationship between the independent variables and dependent variable. Chapter five states the recommendation and conclusion. It discusses the major finding and concludes the study. It also highlights the implication of this study, limitations and some suggestion for the future research.

Relationships in Norman MacLeans A River Runs Through It Essay

Relationships in Norman MacLean's A River Runs Through It "Eventually the watcher joined the river, and there was only one of us. I believe it was the river." The river that Norman Maclean speaks of in A River Runs Through It works as a connection, a tie, holding together the relationships between Norman and his acquaintances in this remote society. Though "It" is never outwardly defined in the novella there is definite evidence "It" is the personality of the people and that the river is running through each individual personality acting as the simple thread connecting this diverse group of people. With the help of the river these Montana residents are able to teach as well as learn from each other. Since the time of the Indians, fathers have been teaching sons the ways of the river and the Maclean family is no different. Paul and Norman learn from a young age first how to pray, read the Bible, and then fly fish from their father. For the Maclean family "there is no clear line between religion and fly-fishing" and their father is a Presbyterian preacher who incorporates all these lessons into the river. He carefully transitions from telling them "about Christ's disciples being fishermen" to teaching them "to approach the art (of fly-fishing) Marine- and Presbyterian- style" alongside the river. Along this river his sons receive "as many hours of instruction in fly fishing as in all other spiritual matters" making the river a pivotal part of everyday life. "Although Paul was three years younger than Norman?he was already far ahead in anything relating to fishing" by their early teens. Paul quickly passes Norman and his father in skillful fishing but more than that he acquired more style. His father... ...y and as expected Norman "is blamed for Neal." Norman is able to put his anger quickly behind him however, when he and Paul go on a fishing trip to "recuperate." He looks to "fishing for the healing effects of the cool waters" of the river. He quickly becomes lost in his fishing, so completely that he becomes "totally composed of thoughts about the Elkhorn River, the weather, and a mythological fish" and not a single thought of his dying anger. Characters are bound to each other by the river and through their common love of the river. Sometimes the only thing they have in common is this mutual love. This Montana community is entwined in the river that runs through it. All the characters obviously feel the same as Norman when he says "I also became the river." Work Cited MacLean, Norman. A River Runs Through It. University of Chicago Press, 1989.